Exploring the Differences Between Hula ‘Auana and Tahitian Aparima
Polynesian dance forms, deeply rooted in the traditions and cultural expressions of their respective islands, offer a captivating window into the history and artistry of their people. Among these, Hula ‘Auana of Hawai‘i and Tahitian Aparima of French Polynesia stand as iconic dance styles, each with its unique characteristics, aesthetic, and purpose. Though both are celebrated for their beauty and storytelling prowess, they differ significantly in origin, style, musical accompaniment, costumes, and cultural context.
Origins and Historical Context
Hula ‘Auana
Hula ‘Auana, meaning “modern hula,” evolved from the traditional Hula Kahiko (ancient hula). It began to take shape during the 19th and 20th centuries, influenced by the arrival of Western missionaries and the subsequent introduction of European instruments and melodic sensibilities. As Hawaiian music adapted to include guitars, ukuleles, and Western harmonies, so too did the hula evolve into a more lyrical, melodic form that emphasized storytelling through graceful movements. Hula ‘Auana often celebrates themes of love, nature, and Hawaiian identity.
Tahitian Aparima
Tahitian Aparima (meaning “kiss of the hands”) is a contemporary dance form derived from traditional Tahitian storytelling and dance practices. Aparima developed as a performance genre in the 20th century, influenced by both the oral traditions of Tahitian society and the need to create visually compelling performances for audiences. While it retains a deep connection to Tahitian language and culture, Aparima also incorporates elements of dramatization and theatricality, showcasing the dancer’s skill in miming and storytelling.
Style and Movement
Hula ‘Auana
Hula ‘Auana is characterized by its gentle, flowing movements that mirror the accompanying music’s melodic and harmonious nature. Hand gestures, known as hapa haole, play a central role in conveying the narrative. The movements are soft, deliberate, and often imitate the natural world, such as the swaying of palm trees or the rolling of ocean waves. Footwork is subtle and synchronized with the upper body, creating a seamless and graceful aesthetic.
Tahitian Aparima
Aparima, on the other hand, places a stronger emphasis on hand gestures and dramatization. The movements are more dynamic, with dancers using their hands to “speak” the story while maintaining a poised and often stationary lower body. Unlike the vigorous hip movements seen in other Tahitian dances like ’ote’a, Aparima focuses on the upper body, with expressive facial expressions adding to the storytelling. The overall style is rhythmic and deliberate, designed to mimic actions such as weaving, fishing, or other elements of daily Tahitian life.
Musical Accompaniment
Hula ‘Auana
The music accompanying Hula ‘Auana typically includes Western instruments like the ukulele, guitar, and steel guitar, creating a melodic and harmonious backdrop. Hawaiian-language lyrics are sung in a smooth, melodic style, and the rhythm is gentle and flowing, supporting the graceful movements of the dancers. The themes of the music often center on love, the beauty of the Hawaiian Islands, and cultural pride.
Tahitian Aparima
In contrast, Aparima is accompanied by traditional Tahitian percussion instruments such as the to‘ere (log drum) and sometimes softer melodic instruments like the ukulele or guitar for added nuance. The music is typically rhythmic and underscores the gestures of the dancer, though it is less melodically complex than Hula ‘Auana music. The lyrics, sung in Tahitian, often recount legends, historical events, or daily life activities.
Costumes and Adornments
Hula ‘Auana
Costumes in Hula ‘Auana are elegant and reflect the natural beauty of Hawai‘i. Women often wear mu‘umu‘u (loose-fitting dresses) or pa‘u skirts, paired with flower lei, wristlets, and anklets made from natural materials like flowers, ferns, and shells. Men may wear aloha shirts and pants or malo (loincloths). The colors and designs are usually inspired by the vibrant Hawaiian landscape.
Tahitian Aparima
Aparima costumes are often elaborate and colorful, reflecting the artistic flair of Tahitian culture. Women typically wear pareo (wrap skirts) or dresses with intricate patterns, along with hei (crowns) and collars made of flowers or shells. Men may wear pareu or other traditional garments, adorned with natural elements. The costumes emphasize the dancers’ hands and gestures, drawing attention to the storytelling aspect.
Cultural Significance
Hula ‘Auana
Hula ‘Auana is deeply rooted in the Hawaiian sense of aloha—love, compassion, and connection. It serves as a medium to share stories, preserve Hawaiian language, and express reverence for the natural world. Performances are often intimate, aiming to forge a deep connection between the dancer and the audience.
Tahitian Aparima
Aparima is a celebration of Tahitian heritage and a visual representation of oral traditions. The dance acts as both entertainment and a preservation tool, encapsulating the values, myths, and everyday life of Tahitian society. Its expressive and theatrical nature makes it a favorite in cultural festivals and shows.
Conclusion
While both Hula ‘Auana and Tahitian Aparima are exquisite forms of Polynesian dance that prioritize storytelling and cultural preservation, they are distinct in style, music, and cultural context. Hula ‘Auana’s grace and fluidity contrast with Aparima’s emphasis on rhythmic storytelling and mime-like gestures. Together, these dances showcase the diversity and richness of Polynesian cultural expressions, offering audiences a glimpse into the beauty and heritage of the Pacific Islands.
